Glutamate metabolism in HIV-1 infected macrophages: Role of HIV-1 Vpr
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Glutamate metabolism in HIV-infected macrophages: implications for the CNS.
Central nervous system disorders are still a common complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and can lead to dementia and death. They are mostly the consequences of an inflammatory macrophagic activation and relate to glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. However, recent studies also suggest neuroprotective aspects of macrophage activation through the expression of glutamate tr...
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Both CD4+ T cells and macrophages are major reservoirs of HIV-1. Previous study showed that HIV-1-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) hardly recognize HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells because of Nef-mediated HLA class I down-regulation, suggesting that HIV-1 escapes from HIV-1-specific CTLs and continues to replicate in HIV-1-infected donors. On the other hand, the CTL recognition of HIV-1-infec...
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Pre-mRNA splicing is a critical step in gene expression for metazoans. Several viral proteins regulate the splicing of pre-mRNAs through complex interactions with the host cell RNA splicing machinery. Here, we focus on a novel function of HIV-1 Vpr, which selectively inhibits cellular and viral pre-mRNA splicing via interactions with components of the spliceosome complex. This review discusses ...
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Increasing evidence suggests that HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) plays an important role in viral pathogenesis, as its functions are being linked to viral activation, suppression of human immune functions and depletion of human CD4 lymphocytes, which are the major clinical manifestation of AIDS. In vitro, Vpr shows multiple activities both in mammalian and yeast cells, which include nuclear transp...
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Like other HIV-1 auxiliary proteins, Vpr is conserved within all the human (HIV-1, HIV-2) and simian (SIV) immunodeficiency viruses. However, Vpr and homologous HIV-2, and SIV Vpx are the only viral auxiliary proteins specifically incorporated into virus particles through direct interaction with the Gag precursor, indicating that this presence in the core of the mature virions is mainly require...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Cell Cycle
سال: 2016
ISSN: 1538-4101,1551-4005
DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1190054